先想清楚一个问题：你要的是"省电费"还是"不断电"？答案决定了架构。Ask one question first: do you want to save on bills, or never lose power? The answer decides the architecture.
1. 三种架构一览1. Three Architectures at a Glance
| 维度Aspect | 并网On-Grid | 离网Off-Grid | 混合Hybrid |
|---|---|---|---|
| 是否接电网Grid tied | 是Yes | 否No | 是（可切离网）Yes (switches) |
| 备电能力Backup | 无（断电即停）None | 全自给Full | 电网掉电时自动切换Auto on outage |
| 电池Battery | 通常无Usually none | 必需，且要够大Required, large | 必需Required |
| 成本Cost | 最低Lowest | 最高Highest | 中等Mid |
| 典型场景Typical use | 电费高、电网稳High tariff, stable grid | 无电网/孤岛No grid / island | 电网不稳、要备电Unstable grid, need backup |
2. 并网：最省，但无备电2. On-Grid: Cheapest, No Backup
只装光伏+并网逆变器，多余电卖给电网。适合电网稳定、电费高、只想省电费的用户。缺点：电网一停电，系统也停（安全防倒送），没有备电。Panels plus a grid-tied inverter, surplus sold back. Best where the grid is stable and tariffs are high and you only want bill savings. Downside: when the grid fails, the system also stops (anti-islanding) — no backup.
3. 离网：完全独立，成本最高3. Off-Grid: Fully Independent, Highest Cost
不接电网，全部靠光伏+大电池+（通常）发电机自给。适合无电网的农场、海岛、偏远站点。电池要按"连续阴天"天数配，成本与复杂度最高。No grid at all — fully on PV plus a large battery and (usually) a generator. For farms, islands and remote sites with no utility. Size the battery for consecutive cloudy days; highest cost and complexity.
4. 混合：灵活的中间方案4. Hybrid: The Flexible Middle
混合逆变器接电网也接电池。平时省电费，电网掉电时毫秒级切到电池供电（UPS 级），关键负载不断。多数家庭与中小企业的首选。A hybrid inverter ties to the grid and the battery. Saves on bills daily, and on grid loss switches to battery in UPS-class milliseconds so critical loads stay on. The default choice for most homes and small business.
看兼容性专题，确认你的逆变器协议。See the compatibility guide to confirm your inverter protocol. 逆变器兼容性专题Inverter Compatibility Guide
5. 按场景怎么选5. How to Choose by Scenario
城市住宅、电网稳、想省电费 → 并网或混合；农村/郊区、常停电 → 混合（带备电）；无电网的工地/营地/海岛 → 离网。预算紧先做并网，后续可升级混合。City home, stable grid, bill-saving → on-grid or hybrid; rural/suburb with frequent outages → hybrid (with backup); site with no grid → off-grid. Tight budget: start on-grid, upgrade to hybrid later.
6. 容量与兼容提醒6. Sizing & Compatibility Notes
无论哪种架构，电池与逆变器的通信协议（CAN/RS485）必须对齐，否则并机/联调会出问题。绿岭 Lulin 维护 主流逆变器机型的兼容清单，下单前按你的型号核对。Whatever the architecture, the battery–inverter protocol (CAN/RS485) must match, or parallel/commissioning fails. Lulin maintains a mainstream inverter compatibility (CAN/RS-485) list, verified against your model before order.
看制造能力页。See the manufacturing capability page. 制造能力Manufacturing Capability
常见问题Frequently Asked Questions
哪种最便宜？Which architecture is cheapest?
并网（无电池）最省，只付光伏与逆变器，余电上网；离网最贵，电池和发电机都要配足；混合居中。On-grid (no battery) is cheapest — you only pay for panels and inverter, and export surplus. Off-grid is the most expensive because you must size batteries and often a generator for autonomy. Hybrid sits in the middle.
离网一定要配发电机吗？Do I need a generator for off-grid?
高负载或日照少的地区建议配，否则就把光伏与电池超配，减少亏电。很多离网站点保留发电机应对连续阴天。In high-load or low-sunlight regions, yes — or oversize the PV array and battery so you rarely hit deficit. Many off-grid sites keep a generator as backup for extended cloudy stretches.
混合能自动切离网吗？Can a hybrid system switch to off-grid automatically?
能。混合机检测电网掉电后，毫秒级（UPS 级）切到电池/逆变供电，关键负载不断电，无需手动。Yes. A hybrid inverter detects grid loss and switches to battery/inverter supply in UPS-class time (milliseconds), so critical loads stay on without manual action.